Ihe ọ bụla organic (mgbagwoju anya nwere carbon) eji dị ka fatịlaịza ka a na-akpọ organic compost.Ya mere, gịnị kpọmkwem compost nwere ike ime?
1. Mee ka usoro agglomerate nke ala dịkwuo elu
Ọdịdị ala agglomerate na-etolite site na ọtụtụ irighiri ihe nke ala otu jikọtara ọnụ dị ka agglomerate nke ihe owuwu ala.A na-emepụta obere pores n'etiti otu mkpụrụ osisi na nnukwu pores na-etolite n'etiti agglomerates.Obere pores nwere ike idowe mmiri mmiri na nnukwu pores nwere ike idowe ikuku.Ala Agglomerate na-eme ka mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ dị mma ma dị mma maka ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ na uto.Ọrụ nke agglomerate Ọdịdị na ala ọmụmụ.
① Ọ na-eme ka mmiri na ikuku dị n'otu.
② Ọ na-eme ka esemokwu dị n'etiti oriri na nchịkọta ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala.
③ na-eme ka okpomoku ala kwụsie ike ma na-ahazi okpomọkụ ala.
④ Na-eme ka ịkọ ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka mgbọrọgwụ nke ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo mfe.
2. Melite permeability na ntọhapụ nke ala
Akwụkwọ osisi ndị na-amị mkpụrụ na-aṅụ carbon dioxide ma na-ekupụ oxygen;mgbọrọgwụ na-aṅụ oxygen ma na-ekupụ carbon dioxide.Iji mee usoro nri nri kwesịrị ekwesị, mgbọrọgwụ iku ume na-emighị emi nke elu ga-enwerịrị ikuku oxygen zuru oke, nke na-achọ ka ala ahụ nwee ume na ike.Mwepu nke ala na-adaba n'ogo nke irighiri ihe nke ala ma na-emetụta ya site na ọdịnaya mmiri nke ala, okpomọkụ, ikuku ikuku, na okpomọkụ ikuku.A na-akpọkwa ikike nke ala dị ka ikuku ikuku nke ala, nke bụ arụmọrụ nke mgbanwe ikuku ala na ikuku, ma ọ bụ ọnụego ikuku na-abanye n'ime ala.Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na nhazi nke ala, karịsịa na njirimara pore, na ala ndị nwere oke dị elu nke mkpokọta porosity ma ọ bụ nnukwu pores nwere ezigbo permeability.Dị ka ihe atụ, ala ndị a haziri nke ọma na-enwe mmetụta dị mma karịa ala a haziri nke ọma;ala aja dị mma karịa ala ụrọ;ala nwere oke mmiri dị mma karịa nke oke mmiri;ala ala dị mma karịa ala ala, wdg.
3. Meziwanye ala na itule acidity na alkalinity
A na-atụkarị ike nke ala acidity na alkalinity site na ogo acidity na alkalinity.Ala bụ acidic na alkaline n'ihi na enwere obere ion hydrogen na ion hydroxide n'ime ala.Mgbe ntinye nke ion hydrogen dị ukwuu karịa ntinye nke ion hydroxide, ala bụ acidic;N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụ alkaline;mgbe ha abụọ hà nhata, ọ na-anọpụ iche.Ọtụtụ n'ime ala ndị dị na China nwere pH nke 4.5 ruo 8.5, na pH na-amụba site na ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu, na-eme usoro "south acid north alkaline".N'ihi ọdịiche dị na ihu igwe dị n'etiti ugwu na ndịda China, ndịda bụ mmiri na mmiri ozuzo na ala na-abụkarị acidic, ebe ugwu kpọrọ nkụ na mmiri ozuzo na ala na-abụkarị alkaline.Ala nke dị oke acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline ga-ebelata ịdị irè nke nri ala na ogo dị iche iche, na-eme ka o sie ike ịmepụta ezigbo ala ala ma na-egbochi ọrụ nke microorganisms ala, na-emetụta uto na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche.
4. Melite ogo ngwaahịa ọrụ ugbo
Mgbanwe na isi organic mmiri nke mkpụrụ osisi.
1) Mmiri mmiri.Ewezuga chestnuts, walnuts na mkpụrụ ndị ọzọ, na mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ a mịrị amị, ọdịnaya mmiri nke ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi bụ 80% ruo 90%.
2) sugar, acid.Sugar, ọdịnaya acid na oke shuga-acid bụ isi ihe na-egosi ịdị mma mkpụrụ osisi.Sugar na mkpụrụ osisi ka glucose, fructose, na sucrose, starch dị na-eto eto na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ mkpụrụ osisi, dị iche iche mkpụrụ osisi nke nwere sugars dịkwa iche, dị ka mkpụrụ vaịn, fig, cherị na glucose, fructose ọzọ;piich, plums, apricots na sucrose karịa ibelata shuga.Organic acid na mkpụrụ osisi bụ tumadi malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, apụl, ube, piich ka malic acid, citrus, pọmigranet, fig, citric acid bụ isi, acid na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto mkpụrụ mgbe ọdịnaya bụ. dị ala, na uto nke mkpụrụ osisi na mma, fọrọ nke nta ka tozuru okè ejiji dị ka akụkụ okuku ume na ire ere.
3) pectin.Ihe na-akpata nkụda mmụọ nke mkpụrụ osisi bụ ike njikọ dị n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ, ike arụ ọrụ nke ihe mejupụtara sel, yana nrụgide mgbasa sel, pectin na-emetụta ike njikọ dị n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ.Mkpụrụ mbụ pectin na-eto eto dị na mgbidi bụ isi nke pectin oyi akwa nke mere na mkpụrụ ndụ na-ejikọta, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzymes n'ime pectin soluble na pectinate, nke mere na anụ ahụ nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-adị nro.Ọdịnaya nke cellulose na calcium nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ike nke mkpụrụ osisi.
4) isi na isi nke mkpụrụ osisi.Isi ísì na isi bụ ihe dị mkpa na-achọpụta àgwà mkpụrụ osisi ahụ.Ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi nwere uto astringent, ọkachasị tannin bekee, citrus na uto ilu nke isi akụrụngwa bụ naringin.Mkpụrụ ahụ nwekwara vitamin, vitamin A bụ mkpụrụ na-acha odo odo nwere ọtụtụ carotene, dị ka apricot, loquat, persimmon, wdg, pear prickly, ụbọchị, kiwi Chinese, oké osimiri buckthorn nwere vitamin C dị elu, nke nwere chlorophyll n'ime ahụ. na-eto eto mkpụrụ dị elu, na-eto eto nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, ndị zuru ego mụbara, ma ọdịnaya nke unit nke ọhụrụ arọ ebelata, bee karịa obi nke mkpụrụ osisi dị elu, anwụ na-acha n'akụkụ dị elu karịa backlight n'akụkụ.
5) mgbanwe nke pigmenti.Agba nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ nwere chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidin glycosides, na flavonoids.Ọdịdị nke carotenoids bụ tetraterpene (C), e nwere ụdị 500, dị na chloroplasts na plastids, jikọtara ya na protein, na-arụ ọrụ nke ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi ọkụ siri ike, mgbe mkpụrụ osisi chara acha, chlorophyll na-ebelata, carotenoids na-abawanye.
5. Ọgaranya na nri dị iche iche
Fatịlaịza organic nwere ọ bụghị naanị ọgaranya organic okwu na organic acids, dị ka humic acid, amino acids, na xanthic acid, kamakwa ọ nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu, ọkara, na ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe, ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya dị ntakịrị ma karịa.N'ozuzu, nitrogen maka ogologo epupụta, phosphorus maka ogologo okooko osisi, potassium maka ogologo mkpụrụ osisi;silicon maka mgbọrọgwụ, calcium maka mkpụrụ osisi, magnesium maka epupụta, sọlfọ maka uto;ígwè maka akwụkwọ edo edo, ọla kọpa maka akwụkwọ ndị na-egbu egbu, molybdenum maka akwụkwọ okooko osisi, zinc maka obere akwụkwọ, boron maka akwụkwọ mgbụsị akwụkwọ.
6. Na ogologo oge
Ezi organic fatịlaịza agaghị etisasịwo, na-apụghị etisasịwo, n'ihi na organic fatịlaịza nwere nnukwu ichekwa cellulose na lignin ike etisasịwo site na mmiri, ọ ga-abụ site na ala microbial nje bacteria na decomposition, converted n'ime amino acids na carbohydrates ịbụ. etinye obi gị dum site na mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke mkpụrụ osisi, nke bụ ngwa ngwa na-adịgide adịgide usoro.
7. Na arụmọrụ
Ọ na-enye ume na nri maka ala microbial-eme, na-akwalite microbial-eme, accelerates decomposition nke organic okwu, na-emepụta ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike bekee, wdg nwere ike ịkwalite uto nke ihe ubi na melite àgwà nke ugbo ngwaahịa, ọ bụghị nanị na-eri egusi ụtọ, na-eri ọka na-esi ísì ụtọ. , ọzọ dị mkpa, site microbial decomposition nke organic asịd nwere ike rụọ ọrụ eriri igwe na-ofu ke ịnweta ọcha ike zuru ezu etinye obi gị dum na-eji.
8. Na njigide mmiri
Ozi nyocha kwuru na: na organic compost humus nwere lipids, waxes, na resins, n'ihi na n'usoro nhazi ala na ọmụmụ dị elu, ihe ndị a nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ala ahụ, nke mere na ọ nwere hydrophobic, na-ebelata usoro nke wetting ala. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmegharị mmiri nke capillary, nke mere na ikuku mmiri nke ala na-ebelata ma na-abawanye ikike ijide mmiri nke ala, si otú a na-eme ka ọnọdụ mmiri dị ala dịkwuo mma.
Nnyocha nke hydrophilicity na hydrophobicity nke humus egosiwo na a na-ekpebi ha site na agbụ n'akụkụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke molecule humic acid, na mgbe ogo polymerization nke humic acid molecule dị ntakịrị, ogo nke ikpughe nke agbụ n'akụkụ ya. otu dị iche iche dị ukwuu, nakwa na e nwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti humic umi na mmiri molekul na-ekpebi, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, mmiri Njirimara nke organic okwu.
Ihe owuwu agglomerate na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke compost organic etinyere.Ọdịdị agglomerate nke mmiri kwụsiri ike na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-adị n'elu oyi akwa ala ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ala.A na-eji ihe owuwu a mara agglomerates rụrụ arụ na nnukwu porosity na-abụghị capillary, nke na-ebelata ịdị elu na ọsọ nke mmegharị mmiri na ala ma na-ebelata evaporation nke mmiri n'elu ala.Oghere dị n'usoro nke ihe owuwu ala nke nwere ihe owuwu agglomerate dị mma dị ukwuu karịa radius nke ihe owuwu nke ihe ndị dị n'ala nwere usoro agglomerate ka njọ, ebe ọsọ nke mmegharị elu nke mmiri capillary na-adaba na radius nke ihe nhazi ahụ.
9. Na mkpuchi
Organic compost nwere ọrụ nke ịmị ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ, nke bara uru na mgbọrọgwụ na-epulite na uto nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi.Compost na usoro nke ire ere ga-ahapụ ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, melite okpomọkụ nke ala, n'otu oge ahụ, organic fatịlaịza okpomọkụ ikike, mma mkpuchi arụmọrụ, ọ dịghị mfe na-emetụta mpụga oyi na okpomọkụ mgbanwe, oyi ntu oyi. nchebe, okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, nke bara ezigbo uru maka mgbọrọgwụ osisi na-epulite, uto na oke oyi.
10. Nyochaa ọmụmụ ala
Ihe gbasara ala ala bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka ihe dị n'ime ala nke sitere na ndụ.Ala organic okwu bụ ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa nke siri ike na-adọ akụkụ nke ala na bụ otu n'ime isi mmalite nke ihe ọkụkụ na-edozi ahụ, na-akwalite uto na mmepe nke osisi, na-emeziwanye ihe anụ ahụ nke ala, na-akwalite ọrụ nke micro-ntule na. Ntule ala, na-akwalite ire ere nke ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ n'ime ala na imeziwanye ọrụ ọmụmụ na ọrụ nchekwa nke ala.Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na nhazi, ikuku ikuku, infiltration, na adsorption Njirimara na ihe nchekwa nke ala.Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na-ejikọta nke ọma na ọkwa ọmụmụ ala n'ime ụfọdụ ọdịnaya, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ bụ otu ma ọ bụ yiri ya.
Ihe dị n'ime ala bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa na-egosi ọmụmụ ala, na compost organic nwere ike ime ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ala dịkwuo elu.
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Oge nzipu: Mar-31-2022